Research Reports

Young People's Trajectories Through Radical Islamist Milieus
To study young people’s trajectories through radical Islamist milieus, the DARE project adopted a case study approach. The findings are presented through an introduction, a series of national reports and a cross country synthesis report. A series of research briefings building on the findings are available here.
Authors: Mark Dechesne, Hilary Pilkington et al.
To study young people’s trajectories through radical Islamist milieus, the DARE project adopted a case study approach. The findings are presented through an introduction, a series of national reports and a cross country synthesis report. A series of research briefings building on the findings are available here.
Authors: Mark Dechesne, Hilary Pilkington et al.

Young People's Trajectories Through Anti-Islam(ist) & Extreme Right Milieus
To study young people’s trajectories through anti-Islam(ist) and extreme right milieus, the DARE project adopted a case study approach. The findings are presented through an introduction, a series of national reports and a cross country synthesis report. A series of research briefings building on the findings are available here.
Authors: Hilary Pilkington, Viggo Vestel et al.

Radical Milieus in Historical Context
This research probes the concept of ‘radical milieus’ in their historical context, addressing the role that radical milieus might play in the radicalisation processes of young people. The five country-level reports that comprise this study examine the concept of the radical milieu through a range of historically situated case studies, each reflecting a broad range of different geographical, temporal and ideological contexts with the aim of deepening our collective understanding of this sometimes overlooked context.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Alexandros Sakellariou, Alexandra Policy, Onur Arun, Fabian Virchow
Date: August 2021
This research probes the concept of ‘radical milieus’ in their historical context, addressing the role that radical milieus might play in the radicalisation processes of young people. The five country-level reports that comprise this study examine the concept of the radical milieu through a range of historically situated case studies, each reflecting a broad range of different geographical, temporal and ideological contexts with the aim of deepening our collective understanding of this sometimes overlooked context.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Alexandros Sakellariou, Alexandra Policy, Onur Arun, Fabian Virchow
Date: August 2021

Historical Case Studies of Interactive Radicalisation
This report focuses on the nature of ‘cumulative extremism’ as viewed over time and through spatial comparison. It examines contemporary radicalisation processes through the theoretical frame of ‘cumulative extremism’ in order to understand historic instances of violent escalation, de-escalation and indeed non-escalation.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Onur Arun, Bartolomeo Conti, Mine Karakus Yetkin, Alexandros Sakellariou and Fabian Virchow
Date: July 2020
This report focuses on the nature of ‘cumulative extremism’ as viewed over time and through spatial comparison. It examines contemporary radicalisation processes through the theoretical frame of ‘cumulative extremism’ in order to understand historic instances of violent escalation, de-escalation and indeed non-escalation.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Onur Arun, Bartolomeo Conti, Mine Karakus Yetkin, Alexandros Sakellariou and Fabian Virchow
Date: July 2020

Reports on Drivers of Self Radicalisation & Digital Sociability
The reports presented here concern the role of the Internet and social media in processes of self-radicalisation. The term self-radicalisation refers to a type of radicalisation process that designates the radicalising individual as the instigator of the process. The DARE study investigates self-radicalisation specifically in relation to the role of participatory media in the process.
Authors: Nathalie Paton, Mark Dechesne, Anna Birgitta Nilsen, Alexandros Sakellariou, Grant Helm, Ahmed Baky, Danielle Soskin, Liam Monsell.
Date: June 2020
The reports presented here concern the role of the Internet and social media in processes of self-radicalisation. The term self-radicalisation refers to a type of radicalisation process that designates the radicalising individual as the instigator of the process. The DARE study investigates self-radicalisation specifically in relation to the role of participatory media in the process.
Authors: Nathalie Paton, Mark Dechesne, Anna Birgitta Nilsen, Alexandros Sakellariou, Grant Helm, Ahmed Baky, Danielle Soskin, Liam Monsell.
Date: June 2020

Report on the Relationship between inequality and youth radicalisation from existing survey datasets
This report on the relationship between inequality and youth radicalisation is written on the basis of statistical analysis of five cross-national population surveys, and two youth surveys. The primary purpose of this research was to examine associations between different forms of national and individual level inequality and social attitudes associated with far right and Islamist radicalisation among young people.
Authors: Ingrid Storm, Tomislav Pavlovićand Renata Franc
Date: March 2020
This report on the relationship between inequality and youth radicalisation is written on the basis of statistical analysis of five cross-national population surveys, and two youth surveys. The primary purpose of this research was to examine associations between different forms of national and individual level inequality and social attitudes associated with far right and Islamist radicalisation among young people.
Authors: Ingrid Storm, Tomislav Pavlovićand Renata Franc
Date: March 2020

Report on the Comparative Analysis of European Counter- Radicalisation, Counter-Terrorist and De-Radicalisation Policies
This report provides a critical overview of security policy, legislation and procedures on preventing radicalisation and extremism from a comparative European perspective. It is based on the analysis of a total of 100 documents and interviews with 25 international experts in the fields of radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and counter–terrorism The study was primarily qualitative and took place from 1 May 2017 to 10 February 2019.
See also: Technical Appendix
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Krzysztof Liedel, Michelle Pacewicz and Paulina Piasecka
Date: July 2019
This report provides a critical overview of security policy, legislation and procedures on preventing radicalisation and extremism from a comparative European perspective. It is based on the analysis of a total of 100 documents and interviews with 25 international experts in the fields of radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and counter–terrorism The study was primarily qualitative and took place from 1 May 2017 to 10 February 2019.
See also: Technical Appendix
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Krzysztof Liedel, Michelle Pacewicz and Paulina Piasecka
Date: July 2019

Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis: Qualitative Studies on Inequality and Radicalisation
This report is based on a specific type of qualitative literature review, namely, the meta-ethnographic synthesis (MES). The MES undertaken was designed to generate interpretive explanations of the relationship between inequality and radicalisation derived from the synthesis of the findings of multiple empirical studies. Studies included in this MES were qualitative (and mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. The studies concerned two main forms of ‘radicalisation’ (radical Islamist and extreme right/anti-Islam(ist) and inequality (economic, sociopolitical and perceived injustice).
Authors: Alexandra Poli and Onur Arun
Date: May 2019
This report is based on a specific type of qualitative literature review, namely, the meta-ethnographic synthesis (MES). The MES undertaken was designed to generate interpretive explanations of the relationship between inequality and radicalisation derived from the synthesis of the findings of multiple empirical studies. Studies included in this MES were qualitative (and mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. The studies concerned two main forms of ‘radicalisation’ (radical Islamist and extreme right/anti-Islam(ist) and inequality (economic, sociopolitical and perceived injustice).
Authors: Alexandra Poli and Onur Arun
Date: May 2019

Systematic Review: Quantitative Studies on Inequality and Radicalisation
The aim of this report is to provide a methodological evaluation and review of studies that focus on the relationship between inequality and radicalisation. Studies included in this systematic review were quantitative (or mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. A total of 132 publications meeting inclusion criteria were identified through a search of seven journal databases as well as two highly relevant journals, not listed in these databases, and the body of relevant grey literature. An additional nine publications were identified through cross-referencing.
Authors: Renata Franc and Tomislav Pavlović
Date: December 2018
The aim of this report is to provide a methodological evaluation and review of studies that focus on the relationship between inequality and radicalisation. Studies included in this systematic review were quantitative (or mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. A total of 132 publications meeting inclusion criteria were identified through a search of seven journal databases as well as two highly relevant journals, not listed in these databases, and the body of relevant grey literature. An additional nine publications were identified through cross-referencing.
Authors: Renata Franc and Tomislav Pavlović
Date: December 2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 725349