Resources
Policy brief Drivers of Self-Radicalisation and Digital Sociability
Understanding the nature of social media participation on Twitter in relation to (self-)radicalisation helps decision makers design counter0strategies and actions. DARE Researchers investigated ‘right-wing extremist’ and ‘Islamist extremist’ discourse on Twitter between 2010 and 2019 in seven European countries. The research documented that, despite wide variation across individual accounts and limited evidence of overt calls to extremist action, online extremism exists. As a result of the lack of call to action, many online contributions fall under the radar of law enforcement or social media's own standards to remove hateful content from their platforms. For these types of accounts, the challenge is to balance freedom of speech and the removal of extremist content.
Date: July 2020
Understanding the nature of social media participation on Twitter in relation to (self-)radicalisation helps decision makers design counter0strategies and actions. DARE Researchers investigated ‘right-wing extremist’ and ‘Islamist extremist’ discourse on Twitter between 2010 and 2019 in seven European countries. The research documented that, despite wide variation across individual accounts and limited evidence of overt calls to extremist action, online extremism exists. As a result of the lack of call to action, many online contributions fall under the radar of law enforcement or social media's own standards to remove hateful content from their platforms. For these types of accounts, the challenge is to balance freedom of speech and the removal of extremist content.
Date: July 2020
Historical Case Studies of Interactive Radicalisation
This report focuses on the nature of ‘cumulative extremism’ as viewed over time and through spatial comparison. It examines contemporary radicalisation processes through the theoretical frame of ‘cumulative extremism’ in order to understand historic instances of violent escalation, de-escalation and indeed non-escalation.
The findings of this work are presented through an introduction and 5 National Reports covering: France, Germany, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Onur Arun, Bartolomeo Conti, Mine Karakus Yetkin, Alexandros Sakellariou and Fabian Virchow
Date: July 2020
This report focuses on the nature of ‘cumulative extremism’ as viewed over time and through spatial comparison. It examines contemporary radicalisation processes through the theoretical frame of ‘cumulative extremism’ in order to understand historic instances of violent escalation, de-escalation and indeed non-escalation.
The findings of this work are presented through an introduction and 5 National Reports covering: France, Germany, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Authors: Graham Macklin, Onur Arun, Bartolomeo Conti, Mine Karakus Yetkin, Alexandros Sakellariou and Fabian Virchow
Date: July 2020
Country Level Reports on Drivers of Self Radicalisation and Digital Sociability
The reports presented here concern the role of the Internet and social media in processes of self-radicalisation. The term self-radicalisation refers to a type of radicalisation process that designates the radicalising individual as the instigator of the process. The DARE study investigates self-radicalisation specifically in relation to the role of participatory media in the process.
The findings of this work are presented through an introduction and 7 National Reports covering: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom.
Authors: Nathalie Paton, Mark Dechesne, Anna Birgitta Nilsen, Alexandros Sakellariou, Grant Helm, Ahmed Baky, Danielle Soskin, Liam Monsell.
Date: June 2020
The reports presented here concern the role of the Internet and social media in processes of self-radicalisation. The term self-radicalisation refers to a type of radicalisation process that designates the radicalising individual as the instigator of the process. The DARE study investigates self-radicalisation specifically in relation to the role of participatory media in the process.
The findings of this work are presented through an introduction and 7 National Reports covering: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom.
Authors: Nathalie Paton, Mark Dechesne, Anna Birgitta Nilsen, Alexandros Sakellariou, Grant Helm, Ahmed Baky, Danielle Soskin, Liam Monsell.
Date: June 2020
Policy Brief Youth Radicalisation and Equality: What the Evidence Shows
Inequality is often cited by experts as one of the main structural drivers impacting the path to radicalisation of certain individuals. DARE research teams in Croatia, as well as in France and Turkey, evaluated whether the existing evidence base confirms the link between inequality and radicalisation and if so how, when and why. A clear understanding of the drivers of radicalisation is crucial to designing and implementing effective and relevant policies aimed at reducing the risks of radicalisation and at increasing security and safety for all citizens.
Authors: Renata Franc and Alexandra Poli
Date: July 2019
Inequality is often cited by experts as one of the main structural drivers impacting the path to radicalisation of certain individuals. DARE research teams in Croatia, as well as in France and Turkey, evaluated whether the existing evidence base confirms the link between inequality and radicalisation and if so how, when and why. A clear understanding of the drivers of radicalisation is crucial to designing and implementing effective and relevant policies aimed at reducing the risks of radicalisation and at increasing security and safety for all citizens.
Authors: Renata Franc and Alexandra Poli
Date: July 2019
Policy brief The Effectiveness of Counter-Radicalisation Policies in Europe: What the Evidence Shows
The DARE research team in Poland has assessed the legal frameworks and operative documents, designed to counter radicalisation (through preventing and countering violent extremism), of 16 states in wider Europe in order to increase understanding of processes of radicalisation (Islamist and extreme-right) and enhance capacity to effectively counter these threats.
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn
Date: July 2019
The DARE research team in Poland has assessed the legal frameworks and operative documents, designed to counter radicalisation (through preventing and countering violent extremism), of 16 states in wider Europe in order to increase understanding of processes of radicalisation (Islamist and extreme-right) and enhance capacity to effectively counter these threats.
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn
Date: July 2019
Report on the Comparative Analysis of European Counter- Radicalisation, Counter-Terrorist and De-Radicalisation Policies
This report provides a critical overview of security policy, legislation and procedures on preventing radicalisation and extremism from a comparative European perspective. It is based on the analysis of a total of 100 documents and interviews with 25 international experts in the fields of radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and counter–terrorism The study was primarily qualitative and took place from 1 May 2017 to 10 February 2019.
See also: Technical Appendix
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Krzysztof Liedel, Michelle Pacewicz and Paulina Piasecka
Date: July 2019
This report provides a critical overview of security policy, legislation and procedures on preventing radicalisation and extremism from a comparative European perspective. It is based on the analysis of a total of 100 documents and interviews with 25 international experts in the fields of radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and counter–terrorism The study was primarily qualitative and took place from 1 May 2017 to 10 February 2019.
See also: Technical Appendix
Authors: Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Krzysztof Liedel, Michelle Pacewicz and Paulina Piasecka
Date: July 2019
Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis: Qualitative Studies on Inequality and Radicalisation
This report is based on a specific type of qualitative literature review, namely, the meta-ethnographic synthesis (MES). The MES undertaken was designed to generate interpretive explanations of the relationship between inequality and radicalisation derived from the synthesis of the findings of multiple empirical studies. Studies included in this MES were qualitative (and mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. The studies concerned two main forms of ‘radicalisation’ (radical Islamist and extreme right/anti-Islam(ist) and inequality (economic, sociopolitical and perceived injustice).
Authors: Alexandra Poli and Onur Arun
Date: May 2019
This report is based on a specific type of qualitative literature review, namely, the meta-ethnographic synthesis (MES). The MES undertaken was designed to generate interpretive explanations of the relationship between inequality and radicalisation derived from the synthesis of the findings of multiple empirical studies. Studies included in this MES were qualitative (and mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. The studies concerned two main forms of ‘radicalisation’ (radical Islamist and extreme right/anti-Islam(ist) and inequality (economic, sociopolitical and perceived injustice).
Authors: Alexandra Poli and Onur Arun
Date: May 2019
Systematic Review: Quantitative Studies on Inequality and Radicalisation
The aim of this report is to provide a methodological evaluation and review of studies that focus on the relationship between inequality and radicalisation. Studies included in this systematic review were quantitative (or mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. A total of 132 publications meeting inclusion criteria were identified through a search of seven journal databases as well as two highly relevant journals, not listed in these databases, and the body of relevant grey literature. An additional nine publications were identified through cross-referencing.
Authors: Renata Franc and Tomislav Pavlović
Date: December 2018
The aim of this report is to provide a methodological evaluation and review of studies that focus on the relationship between inequality and radicalisation. Studies included in this systematic review were quantitative (or mixed-method) empirical studies published in English between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017. A total of 132 publications meeting inclusion criteria were identified through a search of seven journal databases as well as two highly relevant journals, not listed in these databases, and the body of relevant grey literature. An additional nine publications were identified through cross-referencing.
Authors: Renata Franc and Tomislav Pavlović
Date: December 2018
Policy Brief: Effectiveness of Counter-radicalisation Policies: Preliminary Research Findings and Recommendations from European Experts in Deradicalisation and Counter-Terrorism
This Policy Brief is based on the preliminary results of the analysis of existing security policies and interventions in radicalisation and counter-radicalisation at the EU, national and local levels. The findings draw on analysis of around 200 policy documents as well as on 25 interviews with experts from policy and practice in fields related to counter-radicalisation, anti-extremism and deradicalisation.
SEE UPDATED VERSION ABOVE
Author: Lukasz Jurczyszyn
Date: April 2018
This Policy Brief is based on the preliminary results of the analysis of existing security policies and interventions in radicalisation and counter-radicalisation at the EU, national and local levels. The findings draw on analysis of around 200 policy documents as well as on 25 interviews with experts from policy and practice in fields related to counter-radicalisation, anti-extremism and deradicalisation.
SEE UPDATED VERSION ABOVE
Author: Lukasz Jurczyszyn
Date: April 2018
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 725349
